Simplify, document, and fix the API code.

We used to create endpoints with Client._register.

Now we now have explicit methods for the endpoints.

This allows us to add docstrings and stricter mypy annotations.

This fix also introduces a call_endpoint() method that avoids
the need for manually building urls with API_VERSTRING when you
know the URL pattern of the endpoint you want to hit (and when
the API doesn't have a convenient wrapper).

I fixed a bug with create_users where it now uses PUT instead
of POST.

I also removed client.export(), which was just broken.

I had to change recent-messages and zulip-export, which were
using client.do_api_query and Client._register.

Now it's easier to just call client.call_endpoint() for
situations where our API doesn't have convenient wrappers,
so that's what I did with those scripts.

examples/recent-messages

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Example: recent-messages --count=101 --user=username@example.com --api-key=a0b1c
 
 You can omit --user and --api-key arguments if you have a properly set up ~/.zuliprc
 """
-sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..'))
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..'))
 import zulip
 
 parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage=usage)
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ parser.add_option_group(zulip.generate_option_group(parser))
 
 client = zulip.init_from_options(options)
 
-req = {
+request = {
     'narrow': [["stream", "Denmark"]],
     'num_before': options.count,
     'num_after': 0,
@@ -53,7 +53,12 @@ req = {
     'apply_markdown': False
 }
 
-old_messages = client.do_api_query(req, zulip.API_VERSTRING + 'messages', method='GET')
+old_messages = client.call_endpoint(
+    url='messages',
+    method='GET',
+    request=request,
+)
+
 if 'messages' in old_messages:
     for message in old_messages['messages']:
         print(json.dumps(message, indent=4))

zulip/__init__.py

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ from six.moves.configparser import SafeConfigParser
 from six.moves import urllib
 import logging
 import six
-from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Mapping, Optional, Tuple, Union
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Mapping, Optional, Tuple, Union, Iterable
 
 __version__ = "0.2.5"
 
@@ -402,26 +402,11 @@ class Client(object):
             return {'msg': "Unexpected error from the server", "result": "http-error",
                     "status_code": res.status_code}
 
-    @classmethod
+    def call_endpoint(self, url=None, method="POST", request=None, longpolling=False):
-    def _register(cls, name, url=None, make_request=None,
+        # type: (str, str, Dict[str, Any], bool) -> Dict[str, Any]
-                  method="POST", computed_url=None, **query_kwargs):
+        if request is None:
-        # type: (Any, str, Optional[Callable], str, Optional[Callable], **Any) -> Any
+            request = dict()
-        if url is None:
+        return self.do_api_query(request, API_VERSTRING + url, method=method)
-            url = name
-        if make_request is None:
-            def make_request(**kwargs):
-                # type: (**Any) -> Any
-                return kwargs.get("request", {})
-        def call(self, *args, **kwargs):
-            # type: (*Any, **Any) -> str
-            request = make_request(*args, **kwargs)
-            if computed_url is not None:
-                req_url = computed_url(request)
-            else:
-                req_url = url
-            return self.do_api_query(request, API_VERSTRING + req_url, method=method, **query_kwargs)
-        call.__name__ = name
-        setattr(cls, name, call)
 
     def call_on_each_event(self, callback, event_types=None, narrow=None):
         # type: (Callable, Optional[List[str]], Any) -> None
@@ -485,31 +470,193 @@ class Client(object):
                 callback(event['message'])
         self.call_on_each_event(event_callback, ['message'])
 
-def _mk_subs(streams, **kwargs):
+    def send_message(self, message_data):
-    # type: (str, **Any ) -> Dict[str, str]
+        # type: (Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]
-    result = kwargs
+        '''
-    result['subscriptions'] = streams
+            See api/examples/send-message for example usage.
-    return result
+        '''
+        return self.call_endpoint(
+            url='messages',
+            request=message_data,
+        )
 
-def _mk_rm_subs(streams):
+    def update_message(self, message_data):
-    # type: (str) -> Dict[str, str]
+        # type: (Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]
-    return {'delete': streams}
+        '''
+            See api/examples/edit-message for example usage.
+        '''
+        return self.call_endpoint(
+            url='messages',
+            method='PATCH',
+            request=message_data,
+        )
 
-def _mk_deregister(queue_id):
+    def get_events(self, **request):
-    # type: (str) -> Dict[str, str]
+        # type: (**Any) -> Dict[str, Any]
-    return {'queue_id': queue_id}
+        '''
+            See the register() method for example usage.
+        '''
+        return self.call_endpoint(
+            url='events',
+            method='GET',
+            longpolling=True,
+            request=request,
+        )
+
+    def register(self, event_types=None, narrow=None, **kwargs):
+        # type: (Iterable[str], Any, **Any) -> Dict[str, Any]
+        '''
+            Example usage:
+
+            >>> client.register(['message'])
+            {u'msg': u'', u'max_message_id': 112, u'last_event_id': -1, u'result': u'success', u'queue_id': u'1482093786:2'}
+            >>> client.get_events(queue_id='1482093786:2', last_event_id=0)
+            {...}
+        '''
 
-def _mk_events(event_types=None, narrow=None):
-    # type: (Any, List[None]) -> Dict[Any, List[None]]
-    if event_types is None:
-        return dict()
         if narrow is None:
             narrow = []
-    return dict(event_types=event_types, narrow=narrow)
 
-def _kwargs_to_dict(**kwargs):
+        request = dict(
-    # type: (**Any) -> Any
+            event_types=event_types,
-    return kwargs
+            narrow=narrow,
+            **kwargs
+        )
+
+        return self.call_endpoint(
+            url='register',
+            request=request,
+        )
+
+    def deregister(self, queue_id):
+        # type: (str) -> Dict[str, Any]
+        '''
+            Example usage:
+
+            >>> client.register(['message'])
+            {u'msg': u'', u'max_message_id': 113, u'last_event_id': -1, u'result': u'success', u'queue_id': u'1482093786:3'}
+            >>> client.deregister('1482093786:3')
+            {u'msg': u'', u'result': u'success'}
+        '''
+        request = dict(queue_id=queue_id)
+
+        return self.call_endpoint(
+            url="events",
+            method="DELETE",
+            request=request,
+        )
+
+    def get_profile(self, request=None):
+        # type: (Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]
+        '''
+            Example usage:
+
+            >>> client.get_profile()
+            {u'user_id': 5, u'full_name': u'Iago', u'short_name': u'iago', ...}
+        '''
+        return self.call_endpoint(
+            url='users/me',
+            method='GET',
+            request=request,
+        )
+
+    def get_streams(self, **request):
+        # type: (**Any) -> Dict[str, Any]
+        '''
+            See api/examples/get-public-streams for example usage.
+        '''
+        return self.call_endpoint(
+            url='streams',
+            method='GET',
+            request=request,
+        )
+
+    def get_members(self, request=None):
+        # type: (Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]
+        '''
+            See api/examples/list-members for example usage.
+        '''
+        return self.call_endpoint(
+            url='users',
+            method='GET',
+            request=request,
+        )
+
+    def list_subscriptions(self, request=None):
+        # type: (Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]
+        '''
+            See api/examples/list-subscriptions for example usage.
+        '''
+        return self.call_endpoint(
+            url='users/me/subscriptions',
+            method='GET',
+            request=request,
+        )
+
+    def add_subscriptions(self, streams, **kwargs):
+        # type: (Iterable[Dict[str, Any]], **Any) -> Dict[str, Any]
+        '''
+            See api/examples/subscribe for example usage.
+        '''
+        request = dict(
+            subscriptions=streams,
+            **kwargs
+        )
+
+        return self.call_endpoint(
+            url='users/me/subscriptions',
+            request=request,
+        )
+
+    def remove_subscriptions(self, streams):
+        # type: (Iterable[str]) -> Dict[str, Any]
+        '''
+            See api/examples/unsubscribe for example usage.
+        '''
+        request = dict(delete=streams)
+        return self.call_endpoint(
+            url='users/me/subscriptions',
+            method='PATCH',
+            request=request,
+        )
+
+    def get_subscribers(self, **request):
+        # type: (**Any) -> Dict[str, Any]
+        '''
+            Example usage: client.get_subscribers(stream='devel')
+        '''
+        stream = urllib.parse.quote(request['stream'], safe='')
+        url = 'streams/%s/members' % (stream,)
+        return self.call_endpoint(
+            url=url,
+            method='GET',
+            request=request,
+        )
+
+    def render_message(self, request=None):
+        # type: (Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]
+        '''
+            Example usage:
+
+            >>> client.render_message(request=dict(content='foo **bar**'))
+            {u'msg': u'', u'rendered': u'<p>foo <strong>bar</strong></p>', u'result': u'success'}
+        '''
+        return self.call_endpoint(
+            url='messages/render',
+            method='GET',
+            request=request,
+        )
+
+    def create_user(self, request=None):
+        # type: (Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]
+        '''
+            See api/examples/create-user for example usage.
+        '''
+        return self.call_endpoint(
+            method='PUT',
+            url='users',
+            request=request,
+        )
 
 class ZulipStream(object):
     """
@@ -534,21 +681,3 @@ class ZulipStream(object):
     def flush(self):
         # type: () -> None
         pass
-
-Client._register('send_message', url='messages', make_request=(lambda request: request))
-Client._register('update_message', method='PATCH', url='messages', make_request=(lambda request: request))
-Client._register('get_events', url='events', method='GET', longpolling=True, make_request=(lambda **kwargs: kwargs))
-Client._register('register', make_request=_mk_events)
-Client._register('export', method='GET', url='export')
-Client._register('deregister', url="events", method="DELETE", make_request=_mk_deregister)
-Client._register('get_profile', method='GET', url='users/me')
-Client._register('get_streams', method='GET', url='streams', make_request=_kwargs_to_dict)
-Client._register('get_members', method='GET', url='users')
-Client._register('list_subscriptions', method='GET', url='users/me/subscriptions')
-Client._register('add_subscriptions', url='users/me/subscriptions', make_request=_mk_subs)
-Client._register('remove_subscriptions', method='PATCH', url='users/me/subscriptions', make_request=_mk_rm_subs)
-Client._register('get_subscribers', method='GET',
-                 computed_url=lambda request: 'streams/%s/members' % (urllib.parse.quote(request['stream'], safe=''),),
-                 make_request=_kwargs_to_dict)
-Client._register('render_message', method='GET', url='messages/render')
-Client._register('create_user', method='POST', url='users')